A view of the Amundsen-Scott Station in 2009. In the foreground is "Destination Alpha", one of the two main entrances.
The main entrance to the former
geodesic domeramps down from the surface level. The base of the dome base was originally at the surface level of the ice cap, but the base had been slowly buried by snow and ice.
An aerial view of the Amundsen-Scott Station in January 2005. The older domed station is visible on the right-hand side of this photo.
Before November 1956, there was no permanent human structure at the South Pole, and very little human presence in the interior of Antarctica at all. The few scientific stations in Antarctica were located on and near its seacoast. The station has been continuously occupied by people since it was built. The Amundsen-Scott Station has been rebuilt, demolished, expanded, and upgraded several times since 1956.
Since the Amundsen-Scott Station is located at the South Pole, it is at the only place on the land surface of the Earth where the sun is continuously up for six months and then continuously down for six months. (The only other such place is at the
North Pole, on the
sea ice in the middle of the
Arctic Ocean.) Thus, during each year, this station experiences one extremely long "day" and one extremely long "night". During the six-month "day", the angle of elevation of the Sun above the
horizon varies continuously. The sun rises on the September equinox, reaches its maximum angle above the horizon on the
summer solstice in the
Southern Hemisphere, around 20 December, and sets on the March equinox.
During the six-month "night", it gets extremely cold at the South Pole, with air temperatures sometimes dropping below −73 °C (−100 °F). This is also the time of the year when blizzards, sometimes with
gale-force winds, strike the Amundsen-Scott Station. The continuous period of darkness and dry atmosphere make the station an excellent place from which to make
astronomical observations.
The number of scientific researchers and members of the support staff housed at the Amundsen-Scott Station has always varied seasonally, with a peak population during the summer operational season, which lasts from October to February. In recent years the wintertime population has been around 50 people.
=====
"Time zone
The South Pole sees the sun
rise and
set only once a year, technically on the September
equinox and the March equinox, respectively, but
atmospheric refraction means that the sun is above the horizon for some four days longer at each equinox. The place has no
solar time; there is no daily maximum or minimum solar height above the horizon. The station uses
New Zealand time (UTC+12, UTC+13 during
daylight saving time) since all flights to McMurdo station depart from
Christchurch and therefore all official travel from the pole goes through New Zealand.
[edit]See also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amundsen%E2%80%93Scott_South_Pole_Station
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Deep_Freeze
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-17_Globemaster
Happy Blue Monday! (meme)