"Krokodil"
Desomorphine attracted attention in 2010 in Russia due to an upsurge in clandestine production, presumably due to its relatively simple synthesis from codeine.[8] The drug is easily made from codeine, iodine and red phosphorus,[9] in a similar process to the manufacture of methamphetamine from pseudoephedrine, but desomorphine made this way is highly impure and contaminated with various toxic and corrosive byproducts. The street name in Russia for home-made Desomorphine made in this way is "krokodil" (crocodile), reportedly due to the scale-like appearance of skin of its users, and it is used as a cheaper alternative to heroin, as codeine tablets are available without a prescription.[10] Since this mix is routinely injected immediately with little or no further purification, "Krokodil" has become notorious for producing severe tissue damage,phlebitis and gangrene, sometimes requiring limb amputation in long-term users. The amount of tissue damage is so high that addicts' life expectancies are said to be as low as two to three years.[11][12][13]
Abuse of home-made desomorphine was first reported in eastern Siberia in 2002, but has since spread throughout Russia and the neighboring former Soviet republics. In October 2011, "Krokodil" was found in Germany.[14]"
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